Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition)

"How do I cite..."*

• Advertisements
• Artworks or artifacts
• Books, eBooks, or pamphlets
• Course materials (e.g., class notes, presentations, etc.)
• Encyclopedias or dictionaries
• Generative AI (forthcoming)
• Government documents
• Images, charts, graphs, or tables
• Journal articles
• Magazine articles
• New Media (e.g., podcasts, blogs, internet videos, social media, etc.)
• Newspaper articles
• Personal communications (e.g., interviews, emails, etc.)
• Religious texts
• Theses or dissertations
• Videos or DVDs
• Websites
• Works quoted in another source

*Within each section, you will see more specific categories and circumstances (e.g., articles found in print vs. through a library database).